Discussion the basic education in the 21st century of China

Discussion the basic education in the 21st century of China
Abstract: Education and social development is one of the key problems in the basic theories of education. How to adapt the requirement of social development to China's elementary education in the 21century and make important and fundamental measures is an important area to be explored. We must synthetically consider the restriction relation between various factors while studying the developing direction of basic education in 21st century.
Key words：elementary education; social development; 21st century; social development

1 The function of the basic education in our country and current situation
Our country’s policy - " Having priority education is in the strategic position of development " is a wise decision of showing great foresight at present. The most important thing of it is putting forward in basic education towards the 21th century. The basic education is the inherent things which driving force of development of local undertaking, training and sending and working the important task of reserve force for the place taking charge of. The basic education is done well or not that concern the development of local economy and progress of the society. Our government have always paid attention to the guiding and basic function of education, especially promote people rise of scientific and cultural qualities. At present, the basic educational development of our country is on progress. During the decade, our country basically popularized nine-year compulsory education, the high school educate, develop constantly, the gross entrance rate of higher education reached 25% at present from 9.8% of 1998, and had already entered popular decade. Only 1700 dollars of per capita GDP of our country at present, but we are making the thing that other national per capita GDP could be accomplished while reaching 3000 dollars. GDP total value of our country only accounts for 4.4% of the world GDP total value, but we have born the education which account for the people of 20% in the world. Meanwhile, it is important for student to foster that the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education have strengthened to the rural family at stage of compulsory education of Midwest since autumn of 2004.
In addition, in the countryside, some old education structure of it, mode of running a school must carry on the reform, in order to meet the need of the rural social development. At present, the structure of running a school of countryside is duplicated with the city on the whole, rely mainly on pursuing the proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade, make most rural students promote and can not finish study, can not learn practical agricultural production knowledge and skill. Certainly, artistic appreciation can be regarded as the foundation of improving peasant's scientific quality, but can't substitute it. The scientific and technological contribution rate legs behind developed country nearly 30 percentage points in the agricultural production of our country may is related it. So, Today’s ?rural educational work, must in " revitalize the nation through science and education ", " revitalize the agriculture through science and education " under the country’s policy, Training and bringing up a group of high-quality peasants with abundant innovation ability and skilled. In order to offer reality for realization of agricultural modernization.
2 Disequilibrium development of basic educational
2.1 The low level of the whole input in education
Proportion of education funds to gross national product and compare with the countries concerned, reflect one country pay attention to and invest to educational undertaking one of intensity important to consult the index. For a long time, the budgetary education funds of state finance of our country are proportion of to gross national product is low. As far back as the eighties of the 20th century, the proportion of developed national expenditure on education of the world to gross national product had already exceeded 5%. According the " The 2006 announcement of national education funds of Ministry of Education, State Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Finance ", State finance education funds accounted for 3.28% of gross domestic product that year, have reduced 0.04% compared with 2005.
2.2 Out-of-balance of our country education funds
Not only the education funds of our country are put into insufficiently the total amount, but also the proportion that the inside distributes is very unreasonable. According to the material announced of China Statistics Press " Notebook of Chinese education funds statistical ", from 2001 to 2005, the funds for higher education have increased by 3 times, but the secondary education and elementary education funds only increase by about 0.6 times. The proportion of the input to higher education is improved from 16.3% of 1996 to 27.8%, has risen by 11.5 percentage points, secondary education with elementary input in education proportion in constantly drop.
2.3 Input of basic education have obvious difference among being in urban and rural areas
The Chinese input in education is insufficient in total amount, the input in education is distributed and used out-of-balancely, the development of the rural basic education has been already very unfavorable, and the important one is that basic education assigning little by little . In general, there are obvious difference among being in urban and rural areas. For instance: In 2006, 908 yuan of budgetary educational operation expense for rural pupil, is only equivalent to 87.12% of the national average level of primary school; Rural 1096 yuan of budgetary educational operation expense of junior school student. These relatively indicate that the government is in the input to public funds of middle and primary schools of countryside, obviously lower than the input to the urban middle and rural school.
2.4 The basic quality of education still remains to improve
Ministry of Education of our country arranges for special funds to use for provincial key teacher's training every year. Get the welcome of the basic unit. But these funds are limited after all. The faculty training of the large area, including the school originally trains, will rely on place and school to come to the organization.
2.5 Some headmasters and teacher should apt the development of education
Some headmasters are limited by objective environment, is too tired to deal with the survival and development of the school, the money runs to make construction, become " the financial headmaster”. Quite a few of headmasters sink into the affairs and routine work, is used to stressing the affairs, have not been used to stressing teaching yet, has stressed scientific research, Implements quality-oriented education and does not pay attention to the school, has not planned, had no measure, not checked guidance, have not made and encouraged, supported the incentive mechanism of quality-oriented education. In addition, the management of the school is often according to experience, even according to the personal will, extensive management. And the teacher is still limited by college entrance examination baton, hope and pressure of longing to see the son succeed in life under the pressure of the parents of student, too tired to deal with education and research, Lack enthusiasm in implementing quality-oriented education, inertia is strong, can't free out from the traditional teaching mode, remain outmoded teaching method and mode. Only pay attention to the teaching of book, Ignore development of student's individual character specialty and innovation ability and teach oneself the cultivation of ability. The basic training of some teachers is not sturdy, the range of knowlege is narrow, the renewal of knowledge is slow, the ability to lack quality-oriented education. For offering the chance that training receives a training to teacher, some teachers do not pay attention to, a time service is uncomplete, only participate in the examination in order to exam. There are some teachers treatment can't be implemented, the salary can not be got, dampen their working enthusiasm, lead to the fact some people do not settle down from teaching, study intensively the business half-heartedly, make no attempt to make progress, is satisfied with acting as teaching the craftsman. The image of extremely specific teacher's ethics of the teaching profession is bad, can't be a model for others, fond of building a relation with parents, do paid family education, and lack the love and patient to student, Lack the correct education method, corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised form has it, satirize, speak sarcastically, discriminate against it.
2.6 Teaching equipment demanding prompt solution
As education informatization and teaching means are put forward modernizedly, newer problem of teaching equipment of our country and means is extremely urgent. The special geographical environment in our country, the west is with a small population in a large area, sparsely populated, the traffic is inconvenient, influence the construction of teaching equipment. Our country has already built up 3434 ground acception systems of satellite TV now, has built 33570 computer classrooms and multi-functional electric classrooms, 10% of the primary schools have set the course of computer. But this is far way the target that our countrt will build 35000 satellites systems of educational ground in 'Eleventh Five-Year Plan' period, 2104 campus network demonstration schools, building a batch of computers classroom and multi-functional classroom, The goal that 80% of the middle and primary schools offer the information technology lesson greatlies differ from each other. Of our country middle and primary schools purchase computer total amount only 1,120,000, every hundred student fewer than 5 at present; There is not a school to build up campus network in some village. In addition, middle and primary schools teaching instrument and equipment getting up to standard to part 47.5% - 39.3%, instrument and equipment are simple and crude, wear out and flawed. The phenomenon with scarce books of middle and primary schools is very bad too. All these do not suit extremely with new situation and new demand that educational development face, Solving these problems need common concern and support of the country and various circles of society.
3 Discussion of the equilibrates of the basic education
Some developed countries carried on reforming the basic education course to face 2l century, our country has carried on new round and faced 2l basic education course of century. So far, new course enter trial zone already for 4 years. Basic education course reform gradually approach the goal of that policy, Reforming of the course has advanced and brought numerous additional achievements. But we can not conceal a fact in new course, i.e. encounter various questions in the course of implementing as new course of a kind of practice, we should take a kind of practical attitude to do this.
3.1 Increase the input in education through many channels
Governments make the investment in the educating should regard the basic construction of facilities as development, also regarding that ?making the investment in education as basic investment, input to education of increase conscientiously. The basic education must depend on the financial allocations of our country. However, we cannot increase continuously for economic construction and train qualified talents for the new century, so we must guarantee the growth of education funds is not lower than the economic growth rate, The flexible financial resources of the governments should pay the utmost attention to rendering to the basic education too at all levels.
3.2 Improving the basic quality of education, especially pay attention to the relevance of education
For improving the economic status and treatment of the rural teacher, we should establish the rational wages structure, increase the labour remuneration, the current wage system of the reform, increasing the specific gravity of the salary composition of teacher and new salary composition. Guarantee the full-amount releasing on time of the salary, set up and improve the security mechanism of teacher's salaries to workers of middle and primary schools of countryside; Offer ing the rural teacher every preferential policy, promote its social economic status. Pursue the rural system of appointment of teacher in an all-round way, improve teacher's quality in the middle and primary schools, lead and encourage the teacher and other personnel with teacher's qualification to go to the rural school. Set up to the urban teachers of middle and primary schools and go to the village to teach and serve a system, strengthen the work of education and training of rural teacher.
3.3 Establish the modern teaching idea
Teaching concept about teaching basic view of activity, it embody a concentrated reflection of origin of activity course At course of activity, we think that it include two content: Course of cognitive development and course of emotion communication, the interaction of two interweaves together, So form operating mechanism of teaching course. The most important that we should ?realizes the dynamical system which forms the cognitive process, the cognitive process has promoted the melting and sublimating inside of emotion, Meanwhile, the organic unique combination of cognitive process and affective process, could produce the rare teaching result. On the ultimate purpose to move about in teaching, we should pay close attention to the development of science and technology and the changes of social life; Even more, pay closely attention to basic education.
3.4 Appraisal basic education of qualification
The basic education should regard training the ordinary labourer as the concrete goal, its appraisal should turn from choosing appraisal to the appraisal of qualification. At present, The choosing appraisal in the basic education of our country is appraised nearly substitutes the appraisal of qualification, This is that basic education moves towards a basic crux in the balanced evolution. The orientation alienation basic education basic, limit children's development naturally, make higher education and elite educate and lose the starting point of real justice too, have caused elites to be antagonistic to common people. And the appraisal of qualification clears up common people antagonistic to the elite, enable elites in future like common people in future, should form good modern common people's quality at basic education stage, And any has persons on foundation of good modern common people's quality, all have an opportunity to grow into the elite on the extensive meaning on space-time. There is legal and authoritative basic education that should rigorously enforce the bottom line of stipulations to appraise, release a line loose, strip the basic education out from the admission examination competition of university, Choose the appraisal of qualification, have meaning of sustainable development to social human resources, higher education and one's own capital of basic education in basic education.
3.5 Diversified course structure, strengthen the communication of students
New course has strengthened comprehensive, harmony and alternative of the course structure, implement country's, locality's, tertiary course's of school managing,This has changed the situation that traditional basic education course management overly concentrate, offer the environment for students master many skills. New course requires students to contact daily life, social reality and scientific and technological new development. Understand the latest research tendency in the scientific and technological field of social economic culture and developed information, adopt unified course standard, the syllabus and teaching books. So we should develop and set up the course content which closely contacted with student's life, modern society, development in science and technology. In order to improve the ability that students employ theory knowledge to solve the practical problem and bring about an advance in harmony of student's body and mind.
The basic education in the 21st century is concerning the big problem whether the social development of our country has qualified successors, concern the future and destiny of our country. Likewise, the economic construction of our country is closely bound up too with developing with the basic education, we should reach a decision, invest energy and material resources, under the cooperation with all strength. Improving the basic education of our country by one step as soon as possible. So as to bring about an advance in high-speed leap of economy of our country.
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